1. A 55-year-old woman with hypertension is to be treated with a vasodilator drug. Drugs X and Y have the same mechanism of action. Drug X in a dose of 5 mg produces the same decrease in blood pressure as 500 mg of drug Y. Which of the following statements best describes these results?
2. Graded and quantal dose-response curves are being used for evaluation of a new antiasthmatic drug in the animal laboratory and in clinical trials. Which of the following statements best describes quantal dose-response curves?
3. A study was carried out in isolated, perfused animal hearts. In the absence of other drugs, pindolol, a B-adrenoceptor ligand, caused an increase in heart rate. In the presence of highly effective ẞ stimulants, however, pindolol caused a dose-dependent, reversible decrease in heart rate. Which of the following expressions best describes pindolol?
4. Beta adrenoceptors in the heart regulate cardiac rate and contractile strength. Several studies have indicated that in humans and experimental animals, about 90% of ẞ adrenoceptors in the heart are spare receptors. Which of the following statements about spare receptors is most correct?
5. Sugammadex is a new drug that reverses the action of rocuronium and certain other skeletal muscle-relaxing agents. It appears to interact directly with the rocuronium molecule and not at all with the rocuronium receptor. Which of the following terms best describes sugammadex?
6. Which mechanism is most often responsible for chemical degradation?
7. Which equation is used to predict the stability of a drug product at room temperature from experiments at accelerated temperatures?
8. Which property is classified as colligative?
9. The colligative properties of a solution are related to the
10. The pH of a buffer system can be calculated with the
